An optimizing communication channels, message relevance for anti-online gambling campaigns: The critical role of public awareness as a mediator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/ijafibs.v13i1.334Keywords:
Communication Channel, Government Regulation, Message Relevance, Online Gambling, Public AwarenessAbstract
This quantitative study investigates the factors influencing the efficacy of anti-online gambling campaigns, employing a survey of 255 respondents. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relationships between message relevance, communication channels, government regulations, public awareness, and the decrease in online gambling application users. Findings indicate that message relevance directly impacts both public awareness and a reduction in application usage. Notably, communication channels and government regulations affect application usage exclusively through their influence on public awareness, which fully mediates these relationships. Public awareness also partially mediates the impact of message relevance on application usage. These results highlight the critical role of relevant messaging in directly altering user behavior. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of strategically utilizing communication channels and government regulations to enhance public awareness, which serves as a crucial intermediary for reducing online gambling application usage. This research offers robust managerial implications for designing effective anti-online gambling campaigns, emphasizing tailored messaging and strategic public awareness initiatives.
References
Ackermann, K., Awaworyi Churchill, S., & Munyanyi, M. E. (2024). Internet and Gambling: Insights from Australia’s NBN Rollout. Journal of Gambling Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-024-10352-0
Arnit Kurnia Sari et al. (2024). Judol Kesehatan Mental. 3(2), 31–44.
Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020a). The use of personalized messages on wagering behavior of Swedish online gamblers: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106402
Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020b). The use of personalized messages on wagering behavior of Swedish online gamblers: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106402
Auer, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2024). Nudging Online Gamblers to Withdraw Money: The Impact of Personalized Messages on Money Withdrawal Among a Sample of Real-World Online Casino Players. Journal of Gambling Studies, 40(3), 1227–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10276-1
Auer, M. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Testing normative and self-appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a real-world setting. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00339
Barendregt, C., Van Der Poel, A., & Van De Mheen, D. (2005). Tracing selection effects in three non-probability samples. European Addiction Research, 11(3), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1159/000085547
Bolat, E., Panourgia, C., Yankouskaya, A., & Kelly, M. (2025). Influencer-Driven Gambling Content and Its Impact on Children and Young People: A Scoping Study. Current Addiction Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-025-00616-z
Dhillon, G., Ling, L. S., Nandan, M., & Nathan, J. T.-X. (2021). Online gambling in Malaysia: A legal analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(1), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.29.1.12
Dickson, C., Jeannot, E., Peduzzi, F., Savary, J.-F., Costes, J.-M., & Simon, O. (2021). A new swiss federal act on gambling: From missed opportunities towards a public health approach? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126575
Drosatos, G., Arden-Close, E., Bolat, E., & Ali, R. (2020). Gambling data and modalities of interaction for responsible online gambling: A qualitative study. Journal of Gambling Issues, 44, 139–169. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.44.8
Eadington, W. R. (2004). The future of online gambling in the United States and elsewhere. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 23(2), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.23.2.214.51399
Egerer, M., & Marionneau, V. (2024). Blocking measures against offshore online gambling: a scoping review. International Gambling Studies, 24(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2023.2190372
Fadrial, R., Freddy Simanjuntak, H. T. R., Wirman, W., & Wibowo, W. S. (2024). FOSTERING TRUST THROUGH BYTES: UNRAVELLING THE IMPACT OF E-GOVERNMENT ON PUBLIC TRUST IN INDONESIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 19. https://doi.org/10.28945/5317
Fahrudin, A., Satispi, E., Subardhini, M., Andayani, R. H. R., Jayaputra, A., Yuniarti, L., Wijayanti, F., & Suryani, S. (2024). Online gambling addiction: Problems and solutions for policymakers and stakeholders in Indonesia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i11.9077
Gainsbury, S. M., Abarbanel, B., & Blaszczynski, A. (2019). Factors Influencing Internet Gamblers’ Use of Offshore Online Gambling Sites: Policy Implications. Policy and Internet, 11(2), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.182
Gainsbury, S. M., Abarbanel, B. L. L., Philander, K. S., & Butler, J. V. (2018). Strategies to customize responsible gambling messages: A review and focus group study. BMC Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6281-0
Ghelfi, M., Scattola, P., Giudici, G., & Velasco, V. (2024). Online Gambling: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors in the Adult Population. Journal of Gambling Studies, 40(2), 673–699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10258-3
Guerrero-Solé, F., Lopez-Gonzalez, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017a). Online gambling advertising and the third-person effect: A pilot study. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 7(2), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCBPL.2017040102
Hernández Ruiz, A. (2019). La protección al consumidor en las webs de juego online de los operadores con licencia en España. Adicciones, 32(3), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1262
Hing, N., Smith, M., Rockloff, M., Thorne, H., Russell, A. M. T., Dowling, N. A., & Breen, H. (2022). How structural changes in online gambling are shaping the contemporary experiences and behaviours of online gamblers: an interview study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1620. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14019-6
Hopfgartner, N., Auer, M., Helic, D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). The Efficacy of Voluntary Self-Exclusions in Reducing Gambling Among a Real-World Sample of British Online Casino Players. Journal of Gambling Studies, 39(4), 1833–1848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10198-y
Houghton, S., & Moss, M. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Safer Sports Betting Promotion on Social Media: An Experimental Study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 40(3), 1085–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-024-10280-z
Jonsson, J., Hodgins, D. C., Munck, I., & Carlbring, P. (2019). Reaching out to big losers: A randomized controlled trial of brief motivational contact providing gambling expenditure feedback. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(3), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000447.supp
Jonsson, J., Hodgins, D. C., Munck, I., & Carlbring, P. (2020). Reaching out to big losers leads to sustained reductions in gambling over 1 year: a randomized controlled trial of brief motivational contact. Addiction, 115(8), 1522–1531. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14982
Muhamad, N. (2023). Tren Judi Online di Indonesia terus Meningkat. Data Box. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/399b81e1e2cfd53/tren-judi-online-di-indonesia-terus-meningkat-nilainya-tembus-rp100-t-pada-2022
Pearson, G. D. H., & Cappella, J. N. (2024). Scrolling Past Public Health Campaigns: Information Context Collapse on Social Media and Its Effects on Tobacco Information Recall. International Journal of Communication, 18, 1112–1134. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85186904158&partnerID=40&md5=20f158cf963936f3f4dc9ad4b2bedc09
Pettigrew, J. (2019). Advancing public awareness. Science for Conservation, 2019-Decem. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118895337&partnerID=40&md5=46a438c60ee6156b2d18c025d2a45f2d
Philander, K. S., & Wimmer, B. S. (2025). Playing by the rules: Government regulation and consumer trust in the online poker industry. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100599
Pickering, D., & Blaszczynski, A. (2021). Paid online convenience samples in gambling studies: questionable data quality. International Gambling Studies, 21(3), 516–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2021.1884735
Polden, M., Robinson, E., & Jones, A. (2023). Assessing public perception and awareness of UK mandatory calorie labeling in the out-of-home sector: Using Twitter and Google trends data. Obesity Science and Practice, 9(5), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.674
Ray, D., Thomson, K., Beyer, F. R., Williams, O., Stoniute, A., Arisa, O., Vlaev, I., Oliver, E. J., & Kelly, M. P. (2024). Effectiveness of Public Messaging Within the Gambling Domain: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-024-01414-w
Riley, B. J., Oakes, J., & Lawn, S. (2024). Gambling Harm-Minimisation Tools and Their Impact on Gambling Behaviour: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21080998
Russell, G. E. H., Sterner, G. E., Kaye, M. P., & Ahlgren, M. B. (2024). Online gambling in Pennsylvania. International Gambling Studies, 24(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2023.2242903
Safón, V. (2010). Promotion of service industries by means of entry restriction: The case of operators in the slot machine industry. Service Industries Journal, 30(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060802252043
Sagan, S. D., & Valentino, B. A. (2025). Atomic Arguments and Counter-Arguments: How Exposure to Conflicting Information Influences American Public Support for the Use of Nuclear Weapons. International Studies Quarterly, 69(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae154
Siricharoen, N. (2023). Gamification for Developing Media Literacy About Online Gambling Among University Students in Bangkok and Perimeter. In Lecture Notes in Educational Technology: Vol. Part F2953 (pp. 265–268). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5961-7_36
Sommerfeldt, E. J., Yang, A., & Taylor, M. (2019). Public relations channel “repertoires”: Exploring patterns of channel use in practice. Public Relations Review, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101796
Wan, F., Zhou, X., & Zhao, G. (2023). Knowledge Gain in Environmental Policy Agenda on Government Social Media: A Citizen-Government Collaboration Perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.324949
Yu, S., Liang, Y., & Wang, H. (2024). Does information disclosure mitigate air pollution? Evidence from China. Environment and Development Economics, 29(1), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X23000141
Zhou, J., Ho, H.-W., & Chan, C. (2024). Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gambling Behavior in Mainland Chinese Gamblers in Macau: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Formative Research, 8. https://doi.org/10.2196/45700
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Applied Finance and Business Studies

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.